Why Build Your Own NAS?
A Network Attached Storage (NAS) device lets you store, back up, and share files across all your devices. Commercial NAS solutions can be expensive, but with a DIY approach, you can build one for much less, tailored exactly to your needs.
What You'll Need for a DIY NAS
- Hardware: An old PC or Raspberry Pi (or new components if building from scratch)
- Storage Drives: HDDs or SSDs (minimum 1TB recommended for starters)
- Operating System: TrueNAS, OpenMediaVault, or Ubuntu Server
- Network Connection: Wired Ethernet for best performance
- Basic Tools: Screwdriver, SATA cables, and a USB drive for the OS installation
Step 1: Choose Your Hardware
If you're repurposing an old computer, ensure it has a reliable motherboard, at least 4GB of RAM, and enough SATA ports for your drives. For a compact solution, a Raspberry Pi 4 or 5 with external HDDs works well for lightweight use.
Step 2: Install the NAS Operating System
The easiest options are TrueNAS Core (for enterprise-grade features) or OpenMediaVault (for simplicity). Download the image, flash it to a USB drive, and install it on your system.
Step 3: Configure Storage and Sharing
After installation, access the NAS interface via a web browser. Set up your drives in RAID (if using multiple disks) and configure shared folders with proper permissions (SMB for Windows, AFP for macOS, NFS for Linux).
Step 4: Secure Your NAS
- Enable Firewall: Block unnecessary ports.
- Disable Default Logins: Change default usernames and passwords.
- Use Encryption: Some NAS OS options allow drive encryption.
- Regular Updates: Keep the system patched.
Step 5: Automate Backups and Access Remotely
Set up automated backups for your important files. Use a VPN or secure cloud sync (like Nextcloud) to access files remotely without exposing your NAS directly to the internet.
DIY NAS vs. Pre-Built Options
| Feature | DIY NAS | Pre-Built NAS |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | Lower (can reuse old hardware) | Higher ($200+) |
| Customization | Full control over software and hardware | Limited |
| Ease of Setup | Requires more technical effort | Plug-and-play |